Language reference

This section documents all Quadrate keywords and built-in instructions.

Keywords - Language keywords like fn, if, for, struct
Stack Operations - dup, drop, swap, rot, etc.
Arithmetic - +, -, *, /, %
Comparison - ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
Bitwise - and, or, xor, not, shl, shr
Arrays - Array creation and manipulation
Generics - Generic functions with <T>
Type Casting - cast<T>
Input/Output - print, nl, read
Error Handling - panic
Threading - spawn, wait, detach
Miscellaneous - call

Types

Quadrate has four basic types:

Type	Description	Example
`i64`	64-bit signed integer	`42`, `-17`
`f64`	64-bit floating-point	`3.14`, `-0.5`
`str`	String	`"hello"`
`ptr`	Pointer	Struct instances, arrays

Stack signatures

Function signatures use (inputs -- outputs) notation:

fn add(a:i64 b:i64 -- sum:i64) { + }

Before --: Values consumed from stack (bottom to top)
After --: Values produced on stack (bottom to top)

Fallible functions

Functions that can fail are marked with !:

fn divide(a:i64 b:i64 -- result:i64)! {
    // Can signal error
}

Call with if-else to handle errors:

10 2 divide if {
    // success
} else {
    drop2  // error
}

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